GLOSSARY & END NOTES

 

CAMPUS CLIMATE
2019 - 2020 REPORT

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In this report, the California Chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR-CA) presents its analysis of a 2019-2020 college campus climate survey of American Muslim college and university students.

The survey was administered to students at over sixty institutions of higher learning primarily throughout the state of California, including both public and private universities and colleges. Its purpose is to examine the lived experiences of American Muslim college students and the issues they face, particularly as a consequence of their real or perceived Muslim identities.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Abaya

Typically a floor-length cloak or robe covering the entire body, which is worn by some women as an outer garment. It originates from Muslim-majority countries. TWEET THIS

Halal

An Arabic word meaning lawful or permitted. In reference to food, it is the dietary standard, as prescribed by the Holy Qur’an. TWEET THIS

Hijab

An Arabic word meaning to hide, screen from view, or to cover. In reference to clothing, it is a head covering worn by some Muslim women in public or among members of the opposite sex who are not immediate family relatives. The head covering may cover the hair, ears, neck, and part of the chest. TWEET THIS

Kufi

A rounded, close-fitting, brimless hat or skullcap worn by Muslim men, particularly in parts of Africa and South Asia. TWEET THIS

Niqab

A face veil worn by some Muslim women in public or among members of the opposite sex who are not immediate family relatives. The face veil typically covers all of the face except the eyes. TWEET THIS

Thobe

Typically a loose fitting, ankle-length, gownlike garment that is most commonly worn by men from the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. TWEET THIS

Wudu

The Islamic ritual ablution or purification of parts of the body, typically with water, in preparation for specific acts of worship or prayer. TWEET THIS

END NOTES

2.

Id. Approximately three in ten (31%) of U.S. Muslims are college graduates, commensurate with the education attainment levels of the general public.

6.

Id.

7.

Council on American-Islamic Relations, 2018 Civil Rights Report: Targeted, 2018.

8.

It is important to note that the nature of the survey involved voluntary participation among students in a target population, namely Muslim students on college and university campuses. Consequently, the findings described naturally include students who strongly identify as Muslim or Muslim-presenting, either through their outward appearance or through their extracurricular group affiliations on campus.

9.

Within this group, there were numerous ethnicities reported, including Pakistani, Bengali, Indian, Afghan, Iranian- Persian, Burmese, Malay, Sri Lankan, and Chinese.

10.

Within this group, there were numerous ethnicities reported, including Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian, Tunisian, Egyptian, Jordanian, Turkish, Moroccan, Iraqi, Algerian, and Yemeni.

11.

Words denoted in blue and underlined are defined in the Glossary, found at the end of this report.

12.

16.56% were uncomfortable seeking mental health counseling, 8.60% were uncomfortable seeking physical health services, 7.97% were uncomfortable seeking academic services, and 6.71% were uncomfortable seeking career services.

13.

Council on American-Islamic Relations, Hijacked by Hate: American Philanthropy and the Islamophobia Network. Report, 2019.

14.

Id.

15.

Id.

16.

Id.

17.

Id.

19.

See e.g., Muslim & Arab Student Campus Climate at the University of California Fact-Finding Team Report and Recommendations. Report. President’s Advisory Council on Campus Climate, Culture, & Inclusion. Issued by Jihad Turk, Nan Senzaki, Tyrone Howard, and Armaan Rowther; 2019 Year in Review: Movement for Palestinian rights thrives despite censorship. Report. Palestine Legal. Chicago, Il.: Palestine Legal, 2019.

20.

Title VI refers to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act is intended to protect people from discrimination based on race, color or national origin in programs or activities that receive Federal financial assistance. These protections extend to college campuses that receive Federal funding. Recently, Title VI complaints have been filed against various universities to stifle pro-Palestinian advocacy under the guide that such advocacy is anti-Semitic.

21.

In 2018, the California Supreme Court held that universities do have a legal duty to protect or warn students from foreseeable harm that may occur in the classroom or during curricular activities. Regents of University of California v. Superior Court (2018) 4 Cal.5th 607.

22.

Kenneth L. Marcus, Standing up for Jewish students, Jerusalem Post, Sept. 9, 2013.

23.

16.56% were uncomfortable seeking mental health counseling, 8.60% were uncomfortable seeking physical health services, 7.97% were uncomfortable seeking academic services, and 6.71% were uncomfortable seeking career services.

24.

19.92% of students did conceal or avoided disclosing identities to a peer due to fear of negative consequences. 16.40% of students did conceal or avoid disclosing identities to their professors or instructors due to fear of negative consequences.

25.

Muslim & Arab Student Campus Climate at the University of California Fact-Finding Team Report and Recommendations. Report. President’s Advisory Council on Campus Climate, Culture, & Inclusion. Issued by Jihad Turk, Nan Senzaki, Tyrone Howard, and Armaan Rowther.

26.

Id.

27.

See, e.g., Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343, 359 (2003). A true threat is legally defined as a statement that is directed towards one or more specified persons and which is intended to frighten or intimidate that person and make them believe they will be harmed by the speaker or someone acting on the speaker’s behalf.
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California (CAIR-CA)

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